Evidence base

Studies on Vitamin D3 + K2

Auto-loaded from PubMed — grouped by outcome. Each entry links to the original source.

91,506 studies total·Last updated: May 27, 2026Open on PubMed

Longevity & aging · 1,440

Open on PubMed
  1. 01
    Association Between Calcium Supplement Use and Cognitive Impairment in Ageing Women: A Longitudinal Analysis
    Rabec M, Bourgeais A, Gautier J et al. · Australas J Ageing · 2026
  2. 02
    Frailty and menopause: A gateway to healthy aging
    Monllor-Tormos A, Artero A, García-Pérez MÁ et al. · Maturitas · 2026
  3. 03
    Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and Early Vascular Aging in young and middle-aged adults
    Cong J, Hu R, Ren J et al. · PLoS One · 2026
  4. 04
    Climate Change and Sarcopenia: Mechanisms, Vulnerabilities, and Public Health Implications
    Qaisar R, Ahmad F, Karim A · Calcif Tissue Int · 2026
  5. 05
    Immunometabolic control of cytokine production by micronutrients in health, aging, and inflammation
    Ghosh J, Chattopadhyay D · Front Immunol · 2026
  6. 06
    Modeling and Characterization of Intestinal Senescence Using Human Organoids: Insights Into the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
    Ayabe T, Takahashi Y, Lee IT et al. · J Cell Physiol · 2026
  7. 07
    Blood biomarkers of frailty and cognition: A scoping review
    Hodgins ML, Maxwell SP, Howlett SE et al. · Neurobiol Aging · 2026
  8. 08
    From Growth Trajectory to Functional Decline: Age-Contextualized Nutritional Strategies for Muscle Vulnerability. A Narrative Review
    Malaguarnera L, Sortino V, Surdo S et al. · Nutrients · 2026
  9. 09
    Age-Related Decline in Intestinal Villus Length: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Human Gut
    Vara-Luiz F, Palma C, Mendes I et al. · Nutrients · 2026
  10. 10
    Biomarkers of Kidney Health and Dual Trajectories of Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults: Health Aging and Body Composition Study Findings
    Shrestha A, Chen C, Seliger SL et al. · Kidney360 · 2026
  11. 11
    Relationship between vitamin D and surrogate parameters (leukocyte telomerase length, telomerase activity), and genes (ACTN3, FOXO3A, VDR, SIRT1, MSTN) for ageing in Asian Indian with prediabetes
    Bhatt SP, Khurana A, Pandey S et al. · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2026
  12. 12
    Vitamin D3 supplementation reverses aging-related changes in cholinergic functions and improves spatial memory in aged rats
    Aksoz E, Karabulut M, Yaranoğlu MH · Behav Brain Res · 2026
  13. 13
    Biologically Younger Individuals, as Identified by MARK-AGE Biological Age Scores, Display a Distinct Favourable Blood Chemistry Profile Regardless of Age
    Moreno-Villanueva M, Junk M, Mosieniak G et al. · Aging Cell · 2026
  14. 14
    Fanconi anaemia as a human model of accelerated epigenetic and immune ageing
    Velleuer E, Carlberg C · Ageing Res Rev · 2026
  15. 15
    ED-71 prevents glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by inhibiting type H vascular endothelial cell senescence through maintaining mitochondria-associated membrane-mediated calcium homeostasis
    Wang X, Zhang W, Liu T et al. · Cell Signal · 2026
  16. 16
    The association of serum levels of vitamin D with leucocyte telomere length, as a marker of biological aging: A meta-analysis
    Shen J, Wang L, Liu J et al. · Medicine (Baltimore) · 2026Meta
  17. 17
    Sex Disparities in the Processes Underlying Aging: Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associations with Dynapenia, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D(3) Levels and Quality of Life in Older Adults
    Verde Z, Martins S, Erenas-Ondategui I et al. · Nutrients · 2026
  18. 18
    Nutritional immunology in lifespan
    Fallah M, Naeini F, Fahimzad FS et al. · Exp Gerontol · 2026
  19. 19
    Vitamin D is glucoprotective in aging males but not females
    Ginnard OZB, Morales M, Youn JY et al. · J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol · 2026
  20. 20
    Sustained and reversible effects of a dietary phosphate intake on bone and mineral metabolism during aging
    Arnst JL, Alappan UD, Viggeswarapu M et al. · Geroscience · 2026
  21. 21
    The nonlinear U-shaped association between vitamin D deficiency and biological aging acceleration is enhanced in individuals with higher inflammation levels
    Kositsawat J, Kuchel GA, Zhong K et al. · J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · 2026
  22. 22
    Dietary supplementation with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is more effective than cholecalciferol in improving reproductive performance in aged duck breeders
    Li Y, Jin Y, Zhuang L et al. · J Anim Sci · 2026
  23. 23
    Joint association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and body mass index on the acceleration of clinical biomarker-based biological aging
    Pan Z, Zeng J, Chen Z et al. · J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · 2026
  24. 24
    Klotho, Kidneys, and Micronutrient Signaling: A Promising Paradigm for Healthy Aging
    Mahdavi S · Lifestyle Genom · 2026
  25. 25
    Active Vitamin D Insufficiency Accelerates Skeletal Aging via Oxidative Stress and p16-Mediated Senescence
    Qiao W, Huang M, Chen L et al. · Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) · 2025

Cardiovascular · 5,100

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  1. 01
    Vitamin D deficiency, multimorbidity, and mortality in stage 2 cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: evidence from the NHANES 2001-2018 cohort
    Ziqiu W, Xuejie W, Wen D et al. · Ren Fail · 2026
  2. 02
    Vitamin D mitigates post-stroke depression by rescuing IL-6-mediated BDNF reduction
    Huang G, Chen J, Long J et al. · J Psychiatr Res · 2026
  3. 03
    Association of Vitamin Deficiency With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Review
    Jin Y, Ding L, Fan M et al. · Nutr Rev · 2026
  4. 04
    Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and Early Vascular Aging in young and middle-aged adults
    Cong J, Hu R, Ren J et al. · PLoS One · 2026
  5. 05
    Association between long-term air pollutant exposure and blood pressure and hypertension: A stratified analysis based on vitamin D status
    Kim SJ, Yun JM, Cho SH et al. · Environ Pollut · 2026
  6. 06
    Metabolomic profiling and vitamin D pathway investigation in diabetic foot ulcer patients
    Reveendran R, Thankam SK, Jaleel A et al. · Metabolomics · 2026
  7. 07
    Vitamin D and Body Mass Index/Obesity in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study With Analysis of the Atherogenic Index of Plasma as a Mediator
    Lu X, Zhou Q, Mao C et al. · J Obstet Gynaecol Res · 2026
  8. 08
    Nutritional Status, Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Elderly Adults with Essential Hypertension, Independent of Intestinal Parasitic Infection: A Case-Control Study
    Mohammedzein SAM, Elnemr M, Abumohammed N et al. · Clin Ter · 2026
  9. 09
    Association between serum 25(OH)D and Life's Essential 8 score: A cross-sectional study
    Yao X, Wang Y, Hu Z · JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr · 2026
  10. 10
    Precision staging of Type 2 diabetes through Hypergraph-Based multimorbidity Profiling: From hepatic disruption to cardiovascular escalation
    Cao X, Li X, Yu H et al. · Diabetes Res Clin Pract · 2026
  11. 11
    Repeated Multiple Episodes of Furunculosis in a Young Brittle Diabetic, Successfully Treated
    Gokhale V, Singh DP, Mangalapalli AS et al. · Ann Afr Med · 2026
  12. 12
    Association Between Calcium Supplementation and Recurrence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study
    Zhang X, Tan KC, Kung AW et al. · J Am Heart Assoc · 2026
  13. 13
    Vitamin D and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus according to diabetic kidney disease stage
    Felício J, Chambouleyron E, Nascimento V et al. · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2026
  14. 14
    Targeting TGF-β1/SMAD pathway and MMP-9 activity: the protective role of Vitamin D and Catechin in diabetic cardiomyopathy
    Elnaggar SR, Sweed EM, Abdou AG et al. · J Pharm Pharmacol · 2026
  15. 15
    Association between serum vitamin D levels and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with hyperuricemia: A cross-sectional study
    Lei H, Wei B, Dong X et al. · PLoS One · 2026
  16. 16
    Association between serum vitamin D levels and functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Zhou Y, Peng Y, Li Z et al. · J Int Med Res · 2026SR
  17. 17
    Effect of vitamin D treatment in ANCA-associated vasculitis: results from an exploratory perspective, pragmatic, non-randomised study
    Basti A, Zgaga L, Doubelt I et al. · Clin Exp Rheumatol · 2026
  18. 18
    Cardiovascular and bone health comorbidities in epilepsy
    Subota A, Josephson CB · Curr Opin Neurol · 2026
  19. 19
    Effects of vitamin D on maturation and fatty acid metabolism in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from atherosclerotic mice
    Yoo S, Nam D, Lee Y et al. · Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol · 2026
  20. 20
    Lack of Association between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Cardiovascular or Fracture Risk: A UK Biobank Study
    Cho Y, Jhee JH, Jhee JH et al. · Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) · 2026
  21. 21
    High-Intensity Interval and Aerobic Training Alleviate Cardiac Pathology, Apoptosis, and Atrial Fibrillation in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease: The Roles of FGF23 and Klotho
    Rokhsati S, Shahsavari N, Rabbani S et al. · Biomolecules · 2026
  22. 22
    Clinically Sufficient Vitamin D Levels With Survival and Cardiovascular Outcomes in a Prospective Cohort of 3,995 Individuals Diagnosed With Invasive Breast Cancer
    Yao S, Chua AV Jr, Sheng H et al. · J Natl Compr Canc Netw · 2026
  23. 23
    Then and Now: What We Have Learned From the WHI
    Lambrinoudaki I, Armeni E, Milli N et al. · J Clin Endocrinol Metab · 2026
  24. 24
    Different response to vitamin D supplementation in children with RVOT morphology PVCs vs LV fascicular PVCs
    Bichescu M, Cainap SS, Lazea C et al. · Medicine (Baltimore) · 2026
  25. 25
    Life's Simple 7 score and cardiovascular health in cancer survivors: the Moli-sani study
    Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S et al. · Eur Heart J · 2026

Immune system · 3,236

Open on PubMed
  1. 01
    The gut-bone axis in osteoporosis: Microbiota-associated immune-metabolic remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment
    Huang W, Liu J, Zhao Y et al. · Int Immunopharmacol · 2026
  2. 02
    A global perspective on autoimmunity and immunodeficiency: exploring geoepidemiology trends
    Martinez T, Grand Z, Garcia S et al. · Curr Opin Immunol · 2026
  3. 03
    Vitamin D receptor drives macrophage M2 polarization and exacerbates airway inflammation in asthma
    Wu C, Lin W, Zou Z et al. · Int Immunopharmacol · 2026
  4. 04
    Immune-metabolic plasticity in AML: Prognostic roles of aCTLs (activated Cytotoxic T Cells) and Kynurenine
    Choudhary A, Ramesh R, Kar R et al. · Curr Probl Cancer · 2026
  5. 05
    Impact of vitamin D on gene expression in Atlantic salmon skin
    Taylor LD, Gorman CE, Egan F et al. · PLoS One · 2026
  6. 06
    Impaired vitamin D signaling reveals neutrophils as key drivers of prostate cancer dissemination
    Len-Tayon K, Gantzer J, Dariane C et al. · EMBO Mol Med · 2026
  7. 07
    Autoimmune modulation of immune-endocrine-metabolic regulation of ovarian reserve: A cohort study of 803 women
    Han AR, Alzahrani M, Luu TV et al. · J Autoimmun · 2026
  8. 08
    Autoimmunity, diet and autophagy
    Blaise S, Muller S · Autoimmun Rev · 2026
  9. 09
    40 years later: Why do immune cells have vitamin D receptors?
    Froelich NE, Tang M, Cantorna MT · J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol · 2026
  10. 10
    Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Serum Vitamin D in CRS
    Ma J, Chen X, Jiang Y et al. · Laryngoscope · 2026
  11. 11
    Roles of gut metabolites on bone mineralization and remodeling: impact of metabolic dysregulation on the gut-immune-bone axis
    Basak S, Hridayanka KSN, Duttaroy AK · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2026
  12. 12
    Increased Levels of the Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio Are Protective Against Progression From Islet Autoimmunity to T1D
    Carry PM, Kim S, Zwick NL et al. · J Clin Endocrinol Metab · 2026
  13. 13
    Multi-omics reveal vitamin D regulation of immune-gut microbiome interactions and tolerogenic pathways in inflammatory bowel disease
    Gubatan J, Sojwal RS, Ye J et al. · Cell Rep Med · 2026
  14. 14
    Integrative analysis of vitamin D, ferritin, and eosinophilic inflammation in predicting acute exacerbations of childhood asthma
    Wang P, Yao J, Li Y et al. · Front Immunol · 2026
  15. 15
    Vitamin D boosts HIV-1 resistance in female genital epithelial cells by enhancing antiviral cathelicidin expression
    Gonzalez SM, Aguilar-Jimenez W, Rugeles MT et al. · Front Immunol · 2026
  16. 16
    Neutrophil extracellular traps in pregnancy complications
    Wang C, Zhang M · Front Immunol · 2026
  17. 17
    Vitamin D Mitigates Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Pneumonia by Regulating Macrophage Polarization Through miR-223/ACSL3 Axis-Mediated Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming
    Hu J, Lin Y, Guo W et al. · J Gene Med · 2026
  18. 18
    Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels and Inflammatory Markers in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Study
    Oruç İ, Eynel E, Danış R et al. · Transplant Proc · 2026
  19. 19
    Combining metabolic and checkpoint therapy: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ enhances the antiviral efficacy of anti-PD-1 in BVDV infection
    Li Y, He L, Li P et al. · Vet Microbiol · 2026
  20. 20
    Effects of vitamin D on maturation and fatty acid metabolism in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from atherosclerotic mice
    Yoo S, Nam D, Lee Y et al. · Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol · 2026
  21. 21
    Immunomodulatory effects of cathelicidin in the gut-brain axis: A novel link between mucosal immunity and neuroinflammation
    Nourizadeh M, Ghahari AA, Zandi E et al. · Exp Physiol · 2026
  22. 22
    Dietary intake of vitamins A, B, C, D and E and risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in genetically at-risk children: a prospective study from the DIPP birth cohort
    Mattila M, Haario P, Hakola L et al. · Diabetologia · 2026
  23. 23
    Relationship between vitamin D and surrogate parameters (leukocyte telomerase length, telomerase activity), and genes (ACTN3, FOXO3A, VDR, SIRT1, MSTN) for ageing in Asian Indian with prediabetes
    Bhatt SP, Khurana A, Pandey S et al. · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2026
  24. 24
    Risk of Functional Disorders and/or Thyroid Autoimmunity and Its Association with 25OH Vitamin D and Magnesium Levels: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
    Vargas-Uricoechea H, Castellanos-Pinedo A, Urrego-Noguera K et al. · Med Sci (Basel) · 2026
  25. 25
    Mycobacterial metallophosphatase MmpE acts as a nucleomodulin to regulate host gene expression and promote intracellular survival
    Chen L, Duan B, Jiang Q et al. · Elife · 2026